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The Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals ((ラテン語:Decanus Sacri Collegii)) is the dean (president) of the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church. The position was established in the early 12th century. The Dean presides over the College of Cardinals, serving as ''primus inter pares'' in the college. He always holds the rank of Cardinal Bishop. The Dean of the College of Cardinals is assisted by a Sub-Dean ((ラテン語:Sub-Decanus Sacri Collegii)); in those roles they act as the president and vice-president of the college respectively. Both are elected by and from the cardinals holding suburbicarian dioceses, but the elections require Papal confirmation. Except for presiding and deputizing respectively the dean and sub-dean have no power of governance over the other cardinals.The (current sub-dean ) is Roger Etchegaray, Cardinal Bishop of Porto-Santa Rufina. The Dean is often, but not necessarily, the longest-serving member of the whole College. It had been customary for centuries for the longest-serving of the six Cardinal Bishops of suburbicarian sees to be Dean; this was required by canon law from 1917 until 1965, when Pope Paul VI empowered the six to elect the Dean from among their number. This election, a formality until the time of Pope John Paul II, must be confirmed by the pope. The Dean holds the position until death or resignation; there is no mandatory age of retirement. ==Responsibilities== It is the Dean's responsibility to summon the conclave for the purposes of electing a new pope following a death or resignation. The Dean presides over the conclave unless he is too old to vote in it. Additionally, the dean has the responsibility of communicating the "news of the Pope's death to the Diplomatic Corps accredited to the Holy See and to the Heads of the respective Nations" and is the public face of the Holy See during the sede vacante period. It is the Dean, unless he is impeded, who asks the Pope-elect if he accepts the election, and then asks the new Pope what name he wishes to use. According to Canon 355 (from the Latin Code of Canon Law 1983), if the newly elected Supreme Pontiff is not already a bishop, it is the right of the Dean to ordain him as such. The Cardinal Dean has "the title of the diocese of Ostia, together with that of any other church to which he already has a title,"〔Canon 350, section 4〕 such as his suburbicarian diocese. This has been the case since 1914, by decree of Pope Pius X—previous deans had given up their prior suburbicarian see for the joint title of Ostia and Velletri, which were separated in that same 1914 decree. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dean of the College of Cardinals」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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